to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope

Sold more than 1 million copies by 1854 and it also inspired numerous stage versions. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. \text{EXPENSES}\\ This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. What is its accounts receivable turnover? Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. utopian communities (p. 434) 30.4130.4130.41 Consolidated Balance Sheets In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Legal. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. Legal. In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. Slower \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ Source for information on Antebellum Convention Movement . While many women spoke out against alcohol, many in the movement perceived women and children as the chief victims of alcohol consumption, as their husbands and sons suffered from alcohols effects, spent the familys money on alcohol, spent their time in bars and saloons rather than in the family home, and sometimes became violent when drunk. What are the other consequences? )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Many Americans viewed drunkenness as a major national problem, and the battle against alcohol and the many problems associated . \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Consolidated Statement of Income and Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. 2. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ The survey also asked the respondent's gender. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ Teachers tend to be so . Give Me Liberty Ch. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. b. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. 2. The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. A popularized outlook by way of revivals. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. Women played a large role in education reform. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. \text{Goodwill}& 1,125,000& 1,125,000\\ KEY TERMS: 1. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. Gender Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. Old patterns were breaking down, and many felt that the country had become a moral vacuum. Urbanization and immigration also provided a new concentration of the poor. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. \text{Employee Payroll Expense}&& 3,000,000\\ By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. Why? The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. Retained Earnings for 2013 The book reports that there, Jesus visited the Nephites after his crucifixion and resurrection. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. Afterward, the rebels would flee to the newly-freed nation of Haiti. \text{ASSETS}\\ The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Further reproduction prohibited without . The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. These include: 1. The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Learn about temperance and abolition and . Consider the following sample data. Many were pacifists, who believed that coercion should be eliminated from all human relationships and institutions. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The first, in which . Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. The driving force behind the Latter Day Saint movement was its founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. Give Me Liberty! ) \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. Additional information is as follows: The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women.

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